June 22, 2023 – Genetics or lifestyle – which is more necessary?
This is considered one of the everlasting questions in healthcare, but latest scientific findings provide a solution: At least on the subject of stopping type 2 diabetes, lifestyle is more necessary.
Among 60,000 healthy middle-aged adults, those that exercised probably the most—at the very least 68 minutes a day—were 74% less prone to develop type 2 diabetes after 7 years than those that were least energetic (those that exercised lower than 5 minutes a day).
This was even true for individuals with a high “genetic risk score” – those that were 2.4 times more prone to develop the disease resulting from their genes.
But here is the really remarkable result: individuals with a high genetic risk who were probably the most energetic had a lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes than individuals with a sedentary lifestyle and no genetic risk.
This underscores how effective exercise could be in stopping chronic diseases, said Dr. Melody Ding, lead creator of the study. published this month in British Journal of Sports Medicine.
“The take-home message is that doing something is better than doing nothing, and doing more is even better,” said Ding, an associate professor of public health on the University of Sydney in Australia. “If it's within your power, increase your activity to at least a moderate level.”
Exercise is sweet, more exercise is best
Physical activity is already one of the crucial necessary strategies for stopping and treating type 2 diabetes. However, little is thought about how well physical activity can offset genetic risk, researchers say.
And while most studies depend on self-reports, this study used fitness trackers to observe the quantity and intensity of physical activity, the researchers say. In theory, which means they will more reliably determine what “dose” of exercise is best for stopping diabetes.
But in line with the study any Some physical activity—even 5 to 25 minutes a day—will help reduce the chance of diabetes, provided the activity is finished at moderate to vigorous intensity.
The basic mechanism is well understood, Ding said. When your muscles work, they burn glucose (sugar) for fuel, removing it out of your bloodstream and thus lowering blood sugar. Exercise also makes your body more sensitive to insulin, she said.
However, recent research also shows that endurance sports equivalent to cycling and running can improve the function of genes, particularly those relevant to metabolic health.
“When genes adapt to the stimuli they receive through exercise, they function in slightly different ways,” said Mark Chapman, PhD, assistant professor of integrated engineering on the University of San Diego and lead creator of a study on this topic.
For example, genes might deliver more oxygen to muscles or learn to control blood sugar more efficiently, he said. Over a long time, these gene adaptations could help prevent diabetes and other metabolic diseases. Still, “even a month of training can make a difference,” Chapman said.
How do you realize for those who are training hard enough?
According to the study, moderate to vigorous physical activity is the important thing to diabetes prevention.
Moderate activity means you'll breathe a bit harder and possibly sweat a bit. A brisk walk, a motorbike ride on flat ground, and even gardening and housekeeping will do the trick, so long as you set in a bit more effort or move a bit faster.
Strenuous activities are even tougher. You breathe heavily and quickly, begin to sweat, and have trouble saying greater than a number of words without taking a breath. Think Jogging, cycling uphill or moving a sofa up a staircase.
And don’t forget strength training. Research report in Sports medicine found that individuals at high genetic risk for diabetes saw large improvements in body fat, blood lipids, and glycemic control after 12 weeks of moderate-intensity resistance training.
If there’s a history of diabetes in your loved ones, you should utilize that as motivation. That's exactly what Ding does. Several members of the family on her father's side have type 2 diabetes, and that knowledge motivates her. She goes cycling, swimming, high-intensity interval training, strength training, dancing and yoga.
“Exercising more, at least at a moderate intensity so that you get a little out of breath and sweat a little, goes a long way toward counteracting a genetic susceptibility,” she said.